Chemical Elements Sorted by Element Name |
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Symbol Element Name Category | Name Etymology Language of Origin Meaning of Name | Atomic Number Atomic Mass Relative Abundance | Melting Point °C Boiling Point °C Density (g/cm³) | Discoverer(s) Year of Discovery |
Ac Actinium d | Aktis Greek Meaning: ray, beam | 89 227. unknown | 1050. 3198. 10.07 | Debierne, Andre-Louis 1899 |
Al Aluminium or Aluminum f | Alumen Latin Meaning: astringent, bitter salt | 13 26.98154 3.0 | 660.25 2519. 2.702 | Wöhler, Friedrich 1827 |
Am Americium d | America English Name of country: America | 95 243. unknown | 994. 2607. 13.67 | Seaborg, Glenn T. 1944 |
Sb Antimony or Stibium g | Anti monos; Stibium Greek; Latin, medieval Meaning: not alone; unknown | 51 121.76 10.0 | 630.9 1587. 6.684 | Biringuccio, Vannoccio 1540 |
Ar Argon j | Argon Greek Meaning: inactive | 18 39.948 1.0 | -189.19 -185.85 .001784 | Strutt, John William & Ramsay, William 1894 |
As Arsenic g | Arsenicum Latin Meaning: yellow mineral | 33 74.9216 n.a. | 817. 614. 5.72 | Magnus, Albertus 1250 |
At Astatine i | Astatos Greek Meaning: unstable | 85 210. unknown | 302. 337. 7. | Corson, Dale R. & MacKenzie, Kenneth Ross & Segrè, Emilo 1940 |
Ba Barium b | Barys Latin, modern Meaning: heavy | 56 137.327 123 | 729. 1897. 3.59 | Davy, Humphry 1808 |
Bk Berkelium d | Berkeley English Name of university: Berkeley | 97 247. unknown | 986. 710. 14.78 | Seaborg, Glenn & others 1949 |
Be Beryllium b | Beryl French, old Meaning: blue-green stone | 4 9.012182 14.0 | 1287. 2469. 1.848 | Vauquelin, Louis Nicolas 1798 |
Bi Bismuth f | Wismuth German Meaning: white mass | 83 208.9804 80.0 | 271.52 1564. 9.75 | Geoffroy, Claude Fran 1753 |
Bh Bohrium e | Bohr, Niels Danish Name of person: Bohr | 107 264. unknown | ? ? 37. | Armbruster, Peter & Münzenberg, Gottfried 1981 |
B Boron g | Baurach Latin, medieval Name of mineral: borax | 5 10.811 263 | 2300. 3927. 2.34 | Davy, Humphry & Gay-Lussac, Joseph Louis & Thénard, Louis Jacques 1808 |
Br Bromine i | Bromos French Meaning: stench | 35 79.904 n.a. | -7.1 58.8 3.119 | Balard, Atonie Jerome & Löwig, Carl Jacob 1826 |
Cd Cadmium e | Cadmus Greek Name in mythology: Cadmus, Phoenician prince | 48 112.411 7.0 | 321.18 767. 8.65 | Stromeyer, Friedrich 1817 |
Cs Caesium or Cesium a | Caesius Latin Color: blue gray | 55 132.9055 2.0 | 28.55 671. 1.873 | Bunsen, Robert & Kirchoff, Gustav 1860 |
Ca Calcium b | Calx Latin Meaning: lime | 20 40.078 unknown | 839. 1484. 1.55 | Davy, Humphry 1808 |
Cf Californium d | California English Name of state and university: California | 98 251. unknown | 1652. 900. 15.1 | Thompson, Stanly G & others 1950 |
C Carbon h | Carbo Latin Meaning: coal, charcoal | 6 12.0107 35.5 | 3500. 4827. 2.26 | unknown ancient |
Ce Cerium c | Ceres Latin Name of asteroid: Ceres | 58 140.116 80.0 | 798. 3443. 6.77 | Berzelius, Jakob & Hisinger, Wilhelm & Klaproth, Martin Heirich 1803 |
Cl Chlorine i | Chloros Greek Color: green tint | 17 35.453 320 | -100.84 -34.04 .003214 | Scheele, Carl Wilhelm 1774 |
Cr Chromium e | Chrome French Color: colors | 24 51.9961 513,000 | 1857. 2671. 7.19 | Vauquelin, Louis Nicolas 1797 |
Co Cobalt e | Kobold German Meaning: goblin | 27 58.9332 79,400 | 1495. 2927. 8.9 | Brandt, Georg 1735 |
Cn Copernicium e | Copernicus, Nicolaus Polish Name of person: Copernicus | 112 285. n.a. | ? ? 13.5336 | Hofmann, Sigurd & Ninov, Victor & others 1996 |
Cu Copper or Cuprum e | Cyprum Latin Name of island: Cyprus (Cyprus) | 29 63.546 11.0 | 1084.6 2562. 8.96 | unknown ancient |
Cm Curium d | Curie, Pierre and Marie French Name of persons: Marie and Pierre | 96 247. unknown | 1067. 3110. 13.5 | Seaborg, Glenn & others 1944 |
Ds Darmstadtium e | Darmstadt German Name of institution: Darmstadt | 110 271. unknown | ? ? 21.46 | Armbruster, Peter & Gottfried Münzenberg 1994 |
Db Dubnium e | Dubna Russian Name of institution: Dubna | 105 262. unknown | ? ? 39. | Joint Institute for Nuclear Researach 1967 |
Dy Dysprosium c | Dysprositos Greek Meaning: hard to get at | 66 162.5 11.5 | 1407. 2567. 8.55 | Lecoq de Boisbaudran, Paul Emile 1886 |
Es Einsteinium d | Einstein, Albert German Name of person: Einstein | 99 252. unknown | 860. 9999. 13.5 | Ghiorso, Albert & others 1952 |
Er Erbium c | Ytterby Swedish Name of location: Ytterby | 68 167.259 5.8 | 1522. 3230. 9.07 | Mosander, Carl Gustaf 1842 |
Eu Europium c | Europa Greek Name of continent: Europe | 63 151.964 5.0 | 822. 1529. 5.24 | Lecoq de Boisbaudran, Paul Emile & Demarçay, Eugène-Anatole 1890, 1901 |
Fm Fermium d | Fermi, Enrico Italian Name of person: Fermi | 100 257. unknown | ? ? ? | Mosander, Carl Gustaf & others 1952 |
F Fluorine i | Fluor Latin Meaning: flowing | 9 18.9984 n.a. | -219.52 -188.12 .001696 | Moissan, Henri 1866 |
Fr Francium a | France French Name of country: France | 87 223. unknown | 27. 677. 1.87 | Perey, Marguerite 1939 |
Gd Gadolinium c | Gadolin, John Nordic Name of person: Gadolin | 64 157.25 13.2 | 1312. 3273. 7.895 | Marignac, Jean Charles Galissard de 1880 |
Ga Gallium f | Gallia Latin Name of location: Gaul | 31 69.723 631 | 29.76 2204. 5.907 | Lecoq de Boisbaudran, Paul Emile 1875 |
Ge Germanium g | Germania Latin Name of country: Germany | 32 72.64 3.0 | 938.3 2833. 5.323 | Winkler, Clemens 1886 |
Au Gold or Arum e | Ghel; Aurum Anglo-Saxon; Latin Meaning: yellow; shining dawn | 79 196.9666 5.6 | 1064.58 2856. 19.32 | unknown ancient |
Hf Hafnium e | Hafnia Latin Name of location: Copenhagen | 72 178.49 6.0 | 2227. 4603. 13.31 | Coster, Dirk & von Hevesy, Georg 1923 |
Hs Hassium e | Hesse, Germany Greek Name of location: Hesse | 108 277. unknown | ? ? 41. | Armbruster, Peter & Münzenber, Gottfried 1984 |
He Helium j | helios Greek Meaning: sun | 2 4.002602 630,000,000,000 | -272. -268.93 .000179 | Janssen, Pierre & Lockyer, Norman 1868, 1895 |
Ho Holmium c | Holmia Latin Name of location: Stockholm | 67 164.93 n.a. | 1470. 2720. 8.8 | Delafontaine, Marc 1878 |
H Hydrogen h | Hydrogenes Greek Meaning: water forming | 1 1.00794 1,000,000,000,000 | -258.975 -252.87 .0000899 | Cavendish, Henry 1766 |
In Indium f | Indigo blue Greek Meaning: blue dye | 49 114.818 45.0 | 156.76 2072. 7.31 | Riech, Ferdinand & Richter, Hieronymous Theodor 1863 |
I Iodine i | Iode French Color: violet | 53 126.904 n.a. | 113.5 184.3 4.93 | Courtois, Bernard 1811 |
Ir Iridium e | Iris Latin Color: rainbow | 77 192.217 7.1 | 2443. 4428. 22.4 | Tennant, Smithson 1803 |
Fe Iron or Ferrum e | Iren; Ferrum Anglo-Saxon; Latin Meaning: holy metal; iron | 26 55.845 32.0 | 1535. 2861. 7.874 | unknown ancient |
Kr Krypton j | Kryptos Greek Meaning: hidden | 36 83.798 n.a. | -157.22 -153.22 .003733 | Ramsay, William & Travers, Morris 1898 |
La Lanthanum c | Lanthanien Greek Meaning: lie hidden | 57 138.9055 13.5 | 920. 3464. 6.15 | Mosander, Carl Gustav 1839 |
Lr Lawrencium d | Lawrence, Ernest O. American Name of person: Lawrence | 103 262. unknown | ? ? 103. | Ghiorso, Albert & others 1961 |
Pb Lead or Plumbum f | Lead; Plumbum Anglo-Saxon; Latin Meaning: lead; flowing | 82 207.2 85.1 | 327.6 1749. 11.35 | unknown ancient |
Li Lithium a | Llithos Greek Meaning: stone | 3 6.941 10.0 | 180.7 1342. .534 | Arfvedson, Johan August 1817 |
Lu Lutetium c | Lutetia Latin Name of location: Paris | 71 174.967 5.8 | 1663. 3402. 9.84 | Urbain, Georges & Welsbach, Carl Auer Freiherr von 1907 |
Mg Magnesium b | Magnesia, Greek Name of location: Magnesia | 12 24.305 40.0 | 650. 1090. 1.738 | Davy, Humphry 1775, 1808 |
Mn Manganese e | Magnes Latin Meaning: magnet | 25 54.93805 263 | 1246. 2061. 7.43 | Gahn, Johan Gottlieb 1774 |
Mt Meitnerium e | Meitner, Lise Austrian Name of person: Meitner | 109 268. unknown | ? ? 109. | Armbruster, Peter & Münzenber, Gottfried 1982 |
Md Mendelevium d | Mendeleyev, Dmitri Russian Name of person: Mendeleyev | 101 258. unknown | ? ? 9999. | Ghiorso, Albert & others 1955 |
Hg Mercury or Hydrargyrum e | Mercuius; Hydrargyrum Latin; Latin Name of planet: Mercury (water silver) | 80 200.59 125 | -38.72 357. 13.546 | unknown ancient |
Mo Molybdenum e | Molybdos Greek Meaning: lead-like | 42 95.94 145 | 2617. 4639. 10.22 | Scheele, Carl Wilhelm 1778 |
Nd Neodymium c | Neos didymo Greek Meaning: new twin | 60 144.242 17.0 | 1016. 3074. 7.01 | Weisbach, Carl Auer von 1885 |
Ne Neon j | Neos Greek Meaning: new | 10 20.1797 37.0 | -248.447 -246.08 .0009 | Ramsay, William & Travers, Morris W. 1898 |
Np Neptunium d | Neptune Latin Name of planet, Neptune | 93 237. unknown | 640. 4000. 20.2 | McMillan, Edwin & Abelson, Philip H. 1940 |
Ni Nickel e | Kupfernickel German Color: copper colored | 28 58.6934 1.0 | 1453. 2913. 8.9 | Cronstedt, Axel Fredrik 1751 |
Nb Niobium e | Niobe Greek Meaning: snowy | 41 92.906 79.0 | 2468. 4744. 8.57 | Hatchett, Charles 1801 |
N Nitrogen h | Nitrogene French Meaning: nitre-forming | 7 14.0067 87,000,000 | -209.86 -195.79 .001251 | Rutherford, Daniel 1772 |
No Nobelium d | Nobel, Alfred Swedish Name of person: Nobel | 102 259. unknown | ? ? ? | Ghiorso, Albert & Seaborg, Glenn T. & others 1958 |
Os Osmium e | Osme Greek Meaning: smell | 76 190.23 5.0 | 3027. 5012. 22.6 | Tennant, Smithson & Wollaston, William Hyde 1803 |
O Oxygen h | Oxys Greek Meaning: acid forming | 8 15.9994 690,000,000 | -222.65 -182.95 .001429 | Priestley, Joseph & Scheele, Carl Wilhelm 1774 |
Pd Palladium e | Pallas Greek Name of asteroid: Pallas | 46 106.42 32.0 | 1552. 2963. 12.02 | Wollaston, Wiliam Hyde 1803 |
Ph Phantomium q | Phantasma Greek Meaning: illusive | 56i 3.141593 n.a. | 212. 32. 0. | Martin, William 2018 |
P Phosphorus h | Phosphoros Greek Meaning: light emmitter | 15 30.97376 316 | 44.1 280. 1.82 | Brand, Hennig 1669 |
Pt Platinum e | Platina Spanish Meaning: little silver | 78 195.084 56.2 | 1772. 3827. 21.45 | Ulloa, Antonio de 1735 |
Pu Plutonium d | Pluto Latin Name of planet, Pluto | 94 244. unknown | 640. 3228. 19.84 | Seaborg, Glenn T. & McMillan, Edwin 1940 |
Po Polonium g | Poland Latin Name of country: Poland | 84 210. unknown | 254. 962. 9.3 | Curie, Marie 1898 |
K Potassium or Kalium a | Potaschen; Kalium Dutch; Latin Meaning: potash; potash | 19 39.0983 145 | 63.35 759. .862 | Davy, Humphry 1807 |
Pr Praseodymium c | Prasios Greek Meaning: green twin | 59 140.9077 4.6 | 931. 3520. 6.77 | Weisbach, Carl Auer von 1885 |
Pm Promethium c | Prometheus Greek Name in mythology: god Prometheus | 61 145. unknown | 931. 3000. 7.3 | Marinsky, Jacob A. & Glendenin, Lawrence E. & Coryell, Charles D. 1945 |
Pa Protactinium d | Protos and actinium Greek Meaning: first ray | 91 231.0359 unknown | 1600. 4027. 15.4 | Fajans, Fajans & others 1913, 1917 |
Ra Radium b | Radius Latin Meaning: ray | 88 226. unknown | 700. 1737. 5.5 | Curie, Marie & Curie, Pierre 1898 |
Rn Radon j | Radium emanation English Meaning: ray emitting | 86 220. unknown | -71. -61.7 .00973 | Dorn, Friedrich Ernst 1900 |
Re Rhenium e | Rhenus Latin Name of river, Rhine | 75 186.207 2.0 | 3180. 5596. 21.04 | Noddack, Walter & Tacke, Ida & Berg, Otto 1925 |
Rh Rhodium e | Rhodon Greek Color: rose-colored | 45 102.905 25.0 | 1966. 3695. 12.41 | Wollaston, William Hyde 1803-1804 |
Rg Roentgenium e | Röentgen, Wilhelm Conrad German Name of person: Röentgen | 111 272. n.a. | ? ? 19.282 | Armbruster, Peter & Münzenber, Gottfried 1994 |
Rb Rubidium a | Rubidus Latin Color: deepest red | 37 85.4678 400 | 39.64 688. 1.63 | Bunsen, Robert & Kirchoff, Gustav 1861 |
Ru Ruthenium e | Ruthenia Latin Name of country: Russia | 44 101.07 68.0 | 2250. 4150. 12.37 | Claus, Karl Ernst 1844 |
Rf Rutherfordium e | Rutherford, Ernest English Name of person: Rutherford | 104 261. unknown | 2250. 4150. 18.1 | Joint Institute for Nuclear Research 1964 |
Sm Samarium c | Samarskite Russian Name of mineral: Samarskite | 62 150.36 5.2 | 1072. 1794. 7.52 | Lecoq de Boisbaudran, Paul Emile 1879 |
Sc Scandium e | Scandinavia Latin Name of countries: Scandinavia | 21 44.95591 1.0 | 1539. 2832. 2.99 | Nilson, Lars Fredrik 1878 |
Sg Seaborgium e | Seaborg, Glenn T. American Name of person: Seaborg | 106 266. unknown | ? ? 35. | Berkeley Lab, USA & Dubna Lab, Russia 1974 |
Se Selenium h | Selene Greek Meaning: moon | 34 78.96 n.a. | 221. 685. 4.79 | Berzelius, Jöns Jacob 1817 |
Si Silicon g | Silex Latin Meaning: flint | 14 28.0855 45.0 | 1410. 3265. 2.33 | Berzelius, Jöns Jacob 1824 |
Ag Silver or Argentum e | Siolfur; argentum Anglo-Saxon; Latin Meaning: silver; shining | 47 107.8682 7.0 | 961. 2162. 10.5 | unknown ancient |
Na Sodium or Natrium a | Soda; natrium English; Latin Meaning: soda; salt-like | 11 22.98977 1.0 | 98. 883. .971 | Davy, Humphry 1807 |
Sr Strontium b | Strontian Gaelic Name of location: Strontian | 38 87.62 790 | 769. 1382. 2.54 | Davy, Humphry 1808 |
S Sulfur h | Sulfur Latin Color: yellow | 16 32.065 16.0 | 115.36 444.6 2.07 | unknown ancient |
Ta Tantalum e | Tantalus Greek Name in mythology: King Tantalus | 73 180.9479 n.a. | 2996. 5458. 16.65 | Ekeberg, Anders 1802 |
Tc Technetium e | Technetos Greek Meaning: artificial | 43 98. unknown | 2200. 4837. 11.5 | Perrier, Carlo & Segrè, Emilio 1937 |
Te Tellurium g | Tellus Latin Meaning: earth | 52 127.6 n.a. | 449.65 988. 6.24 | von Reichenstein, Franz-Joseph Müller 1782 |
Tb Terbium c | Ytterby Swedish Name of location: Ytterby | 65 158.9254 n.a. | 1357. 3230. 8.23 | Mosander, Carl Gustaf 1843 |
Tl Thallium f | Thallos Greek Meaning: green twig | 81 204.3833 8.0 | 304. 1473. 11.85 | Crookes, William 1861 |
Th Thorium d | Thor Old Norse Name in mythology: god Thor | 90 232.0381 unknown | 1755. 4788. 11.724 | Berzelius, Jöns Jacob 1828 |
Tm Thulium c | Thule Greek Name of country: ancient Scandinavia | 69 168.9342 1.8 | 1545. 1950. 9.32 | Cleve, Per Teodor 1879 |
Sn Tin or Stannum f | Stannum Latin Meaning: tin | 50 118.71 100 | 232.06 2602. 7.31 | unknown ancient |
Ti Titanium e | Titan Greek Name in mythology: Titans | 22 47.867 112 | 1660. 3287. 4.54 | Gregor, William 1791 |
W Tungsten or Wolfram e | Tung sten; wolfram Swedish; German Meaning: heavy stone; Name: mineral, wolframite | 74 183.84 unknown | 3422. 5555. 19.35 | Elhuyar, Juan José & Elhuyar, Fausto de 1783 |
U Uranium d | Uranus Latin Name of planet: Uranus | 92 238.0289 10.0 | 1132. 4131. 18.95 | Klaproth, Martin Heinrich & Péligot, Eugè ne-Melchior 1841 |
V Vanadium e | Vanadis Old Norse Name in mythology: goddess Vanadis | 23 50.9415 50.0 | 1902. 3407. 6.11 | del Rio, Andrés Manuel 1801 |
Xe Xenon j | Xenos Greek Meaning: stranger | 54 131.293 n.a. | -117.7 -108.12 .005887 | Ramsay, William & Travers, Morris 1898 |
Yb Ytterbium c | Ytterby Swedish Name of compound: Ytterebia | 70 173.04 8.0 | 824. 1196. 6.9 | Marignac, Jean Charles Galissard de 1878 |
Y Yttrium e | Ytterby Swedish Name of compound: Yttria | 39 88.90585 125 | 1526. 3336. 4.47 | Gadolin, Johan 1794 |
Zn Zinc e | Zink German Meaning: cornet | 30 65.409 28.0 | 419.73 907. 7.13 | unknown ancient |
Zr Zirconium e | Zircon German Color: gold colored | 40 91.224 560 | 1852. 4409. 6.51 | Klaproth, Martin Heinrich & Berzelius, Jöns Jacob 1789, 1824 |
† = toxic |
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